Pyrograf®-III

Pyrograf®-III is a patented, very fine, highly graphitic, yet low cost, carbon nanofiber.  Pyrograf®-III is available in diameters ranging from 70 and 200 nanometers and a length estimated to be 50-100 microns. Therefore, nanofibers are much smaller than conventional continuous or milled carbon fibers (5-10 microns) but significantly larger than carbon nanotubes (1-10 nanometers). Pyrograf®-III nanofiber is offered in two types and in four grades which are identified in the table below.
 Pyrograf®-III can simultaneously provide enhanced electrical conductivity over a broad range along with mechanical reinforcement of certain matrix materials.  Other benefits provided by the nanofiber include improved heat distortion temperatures and increased electromagnetic shielding. Although direct measurement of many properties cannot be obtained by routine conventianal methods, the physical properties of more graphitic forms of vapor grown carbon fiber are known to tend towards single crystal graphite.  (See Pyrograf-I data)

PYROGRAF III PROPERTIES:
 
Nano-
fiber Type
Nano-
fiber Grade
N2Surface Area, (m2/gm)
Dispersive Surface Energy, (mJ/m2)
Moisture Content
(%)
Iron Content
(ppm)
PAH Content (mg PAH/g fiber)
Density (gm/cm3)
Graphitic Index
PR-19
AG
10-20
20-40
<5
<14,000
<1
1.95
  
PR-19
PS
20-30
120-140
<5
<14,000
<1
1.95
  
PR-19
LHT
    
<5
<14,000
<1
    
PR-19
HHT
15-25
265-285
<5
<100
<1
    
PR-24
AG
    
<5
<14,000
<1
    
PR-24
PS
50-60
  
<5
<14,000
<1
    
PR-24
LHT
    
<5
<14,000
<1
    
PR-24
HHT
    
<5
<100
<1
    
AG, as grown fiber.  PS, cleaned fiber.  LHT, graphitized fiber.  HHT, iron free graphitized fiber.

A

Catalytic lengthening and CVD thickening of Pyrograf®-III 

PYROGRAF III GRADES:
 

 
PR-1
PR-11
PR-19
PR-24
Production
Lab scale
Bench scale
Full scale
Full scale
Diameter, nanometers
100 to 200
100 to 200
100 to 200
60 to 150
Length, nanometers
30,000 to 100,000
30,000 to 100,000
30,000 to 100,000
30,000 to 100,000
Comments
As grown material contains CVD carbon
As grown material contains CVD carbon
As grown material contains CVD carbon
As grown material essentially free of CVD carbon

 
Post production processing
    • AS - as grown carbon fiber
      • Carbon fiber without any post production thermal processing
    • PS - pyrolytically stripped carbon fiber
      • Removes polyaromatic hydrocarbons from surface
    • HT - heat treated carbon fiber
      • Heated to temperatures up to 3,000°C
      • Graphitizes chemically vapor deposited carbon present on the surface of Pyrograf®
      • Creates a highly electrically conductive carbon nanofiber
      • Removes iron catalyst from carbon nanofiber
Available product grades
    • PR-19
      • AG - As grown carbon nanofiber
      • PS - Pyrolytically stripped carbon nanofiber
      • HT - Heat treated carbon nanofiber
    • PR-24
      • AG - As grown carbon nanofiber
      • PS - Pyrolytically stripped carbon nanofiber
      • HT - Heat treated carbon nanofiber
Product forms
    • Bulk fiber shipped as free flowing powders
      • 4 to 5 pounds per cubic foot
      • 10 to 15 pounds per cubic foot
    • Masterbatch resins
    • Specialty papers
    • Pelletized

BENEFITS:
 
COMPOSITES MADE FROM PYROGRAF NANOFIBERS SHOW THESE BENEFITS TYPICAL APPLICATIONS FOR NANOFIBER COMPOSITES
  • Low fiber loadings
  • Class "A" surface finish
  • Uniformly conductive surfaces
  • Enable thin walled molds
  • Reduced cycle times
  • Lower specific gravity
  • Static dissipation
  • Increased fuel mileage in tires
  • Lower cost composites,

    • carbon cathodes and anodes
  • Industrial applications
    • Silicon wafer production
    • Batteries and fuel cells
    • Disk drive components
    • Clean rooms
  • Automotive uses
    • Fuel systems
    • Mirror housings
    • Interior parts
    • Bumpers & fenders
    • Tires
  • Aerospace
    • Aircraft braking systems
    • Thermal management
    • EMI/RFI shielding

PYROGRAF NANOFIBERS UNIQUE PROPERTIES:

    • Electrical properties
      • High electrical conductivity in composites at low carbon fiber loading
      • Reduced cost for electrically conductive and dissipative compound  Electrical conductivity without degrading mechanical properties
    • Mechanical properties
      • Increases mechanical strength of polyolefins up to four times
      • Increases impact strength in polar resins
      • Increases modulus of rubber compounds fourfold in high strain applications
    • Chemical properties
      • Chemical bonding to graphite planes to tailor composite properties
      • Reactive oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen sites on carbon nanofiber surfaces
      • Good interface between carbon nanofibers and polymer matrices
    • Thermal properties
      • Highest heat-transfer rates of all known materials
      • The most efficient thermal management composites
    • Adsorptive properties
      • Removal of heavy metals and radionucleides from water, wastewater and ground water
      • Highly adsorptive for organic materials

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